Justin L. Gardner, PhD
Unit Leader, RIKEN Brain Science Institute
Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Tokyo, Department of Life Sciences
Address
Gardner Research Unit
RIKEN Brain Science Institute
2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama JAPAN 351-0198
Education
| 1989 - 1993 | BS, Computer Science, Yale University |
| 1996 - 2002 | PhD, Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and UCSF |
Research and Professional Experience
| 1996 - 2002 | Graduate Student, Lab of Stephen G. Lisberger, University of California, Berkeley and UCSF |
| 2002 - 2004 | Postdoctoral Fellow, Lab of Keiji Tanaka, RIKEN Brain Science Institute |
| 2004 - 2009 | Postdoctoral Fellow, Lab of David J. Heeger, New York University |
| 2009 - Present | Unit Leader (Independent Lab Head), RIKEN Brain Science Institute |
| 2011 - Present | Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Tokyo, Department of Life Sciences |
Awards and Fellowships
| 1993 | Tau Beta Pi national engineering honor society |
| 1993 | BS in Computer Science awarded Cum Laude with Distinction in the major |
| 1996 - 1999 | National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship |
| 2001 - 2002 | Burroughs Wellcome Fund Fellowship in Quantitative Biology |
| 2002 - 2004 | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Fellow |
| 2004 - 2007 | NRSA from the National Eye Institute |
| 2006 - 2009 | Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award in the Biomedical Sciences |
Publications
Refereed Journal Articles
Gardner, J. L., Anzai, A., Ohzawa. I., and Freeman, R. D. (1999) Linear and nonlinear contributions to orientation tuning of simple cells in the cat's striate cortex. Visual Neuroscience 16:1115-1121
Gardner, J. L., and Lisberger, S. G. (2001) Linked target selection for saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements. Journal of Neuroscience 21(6):2075-2084
Gardner, J. L., and Lisberger, S. G. (2002) Serial linkage of target selection for orienting and tracking eye movements. Nature Neuroscience 5:892-899
Churchland, A. K., Gardner, J. L., Chou, I. H., Priebe, N. J., and Lisberger, S. G. (2003) Directional anisotropies reveal a functional segregation of visual motion processing for perception and action. Neuron 37:1001-1011
Gardner, J. L., Tokiyama, S., and Lisberger, S. G. (2004) A population decoding framework for motion aftereffects on smooth pursuit eye movements. Journal of Neuroscience 24:9035-9048
Gardner, J. L., Sun, P., Waggoner, R. A., Ueno K., Tanaka, K., and Cheng K. (2005) Contrast adaptation and representation in human early visual cortex. Neuron 47:607-620
Sun, P., Ueno K., Waggoner, R. A., Gardner, J. L., Tanaka, K., and Cheng K. (2007) A temporal frequency-dependent functional architecture in human V1 revealed by high-resolution fMRI. Nature Neuroscience 10:1404-1406
Gardner, J. L., Merriam, E. P., Movshon, J. A., and Heeger, D.J. (2008) Maps of visual space in human occipital cortex are retinotopic, not spatiotopic. Journal of Neuroscience 28:3988-3999
Dinstein, I., Gardner, J. L., Jazayeri, M., and Heeger, D.J. (2008) Executed and observed movements have different distributed representations in human aIPS. Journal of Neuroscience 28:11231-11239
Gardner, J. L. (2010) Is cortical vasculature functionally organized?. Neuroimage 49:1953-6
Offen, S., Gardner, J. L., Schluppeck, D., and Heeger, D.J. (2010) Differential roles for frontal eye fields (FEFs) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in visual working memory and attention. Journal of Vision 10:1-14
Liu, T., Hospadaruk, L., Zhu, D. C., and Gardner, J. L. (2011) Feature-specific attentional priority signals in human cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 31:4484-95
Pestilli, F., Carrasco, M., Heeger, D. J., and Gardner, J. L. (2011) Attentional enhancement via selection and pooling of early sensory responses in human visual cortex. Neuron 72:832-46
Sun, P., Gardner, J. L., Costagli, M., Ueno, K., Waggoner, R. A., Tanaka, K., and Cheng K. (2012) Demonstration of tuning to stimulus orientation in the human visual cortex: A high-resolution fMRI study with a novel continuous and periodic stimulation paradigm. Cerebral Cortex Advance access:1-12
Suzuki, S., Harasawa, N., Ueno, K., Gardner, J. L., Ichinohe, N., Haruno, M., Cheng, K., and Nakahara H. (2012) Learning to simulate others' decisions. Neuron 74:1125-37
Costagli, M., Ueno, K., Sun, P., Gardner, J. L., Wan, X., Ricciardi, E., Pietrini, P., Tanaka, K., and Cheng, K. (2012) Functional signalers of changes in visual stimuli: Cortical responses to increments and decrements in motion coherence. Cerebral Cortex Advance access:1-9
Merriam, E. P., Gardner, J. L., Movshon, J. A., and Heeger, D.J. (In press) Modulation of visual responses by gaze direction in human visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience
Patents
Tostevin, N. H., Moran, M. R., Gardner, J. L., Marrero, N. M., and Cook, R. A. (1997) Digital cartoon and animation process. U.S. Patent Office 6061462
Abstracts
Gardner, J. L., and Lisberger, S. G. (1999) Linked target selection for saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements. Society for Neuroscience Miami, FL. 29:564.9
Churchland, A. K., Gardner, J. L., Chou, I. H., and Lisberger, S. G. (2001) Smooth pursuit eye movements are immune to the directional anisotropy of perception. The Society for the Neural Control of Movement Seville, Spain.
Gardner, J. L., and Lisberger, S. G. (2001) The effect of microstimulation in the saccadic frontal eye fields on target selection for smooth pursuit eye movements. The Society for the Neural Control of Movement Seville, Spain.
Gardner, J. L., and Lisberger, S. G. (2001) The effect of microstimulation evoked saccades on target selection for smooth pursuit eye movements. Society for Neuroscience San Diego, CA. 404.9
Gardner, J. L., Sun, P., Waggoner, R. A., Ueno K., Tanaka, K., and Cheng K. (2004) Horizontal shifts of contrast response curves in early human visual cortex: an event-related fMRI study. Organization for Human Brain Mapping 10th Annual Meeting. Budapest, Hungary.
Gardner, J. L., Sun, P., Waggoner, R. A., Ueno K., Tanaka, K., and Cheng K. (2004) Contrast adaptation in human early visual cortex as measured with event related BOLD imaging. International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Twelth Scientific Meeting and Exhibition. Kyoto, Japan. (slide session).
Gardner, J. L., Sun, P., Waggoner, R. A., Ueno K., Tanaka, K., and Cheng K. (2004) Adaptation to contrast in early human visual cortex reveals horizontal shifts of contrast response functions and differential responses to decrements in contrast between V1 and V4. Society for Neuroscience San Diego, CA.
Gardner, J. L., Sun, P., Waggoner, R. A., Ueno K., Tanaka, K., and Cheng K. (2005) Difference in temporal dynamics of positive and negative BOLD responses. International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 13th Scientific Meeting and Exhibition. Miami, FL. (slide session).
Gardner, J. L., Sun, P., Tanaka, K., Heeger D. J., and Cheng K. (2006) High spatial resolution fMRI reveals orientation specific responses in large draining veins. Gordon Research Conference: Brain Energy Metabolism and Blood Flow Magdalen College, Oxford UK.
Gardner, J. L., Sun, P., Tanaka, K., Heeger D. J., and Cheng K. (2006) Classification analysis with high spatial resolution fMRI reveals large draining veins with orientation specific responses. Society for Neuroscience Atlanta, GA.
Merriam, E. P., Gardner, J. L., Movshon, J. A., and Heeger D. J. (2008) Modulation of human visual cortex responses by gaze direction. Society for Neuroscience Washington DC.
Pestilli, F., Carrasco, M., Heeger, D. J., and Gardner, J. L. (2008) Does increased contrast-response in human V1 account for enhanced behavioral performance with attention?. Society for Neuroscience Washington DC.
Gardner, J. L., Pestilli, F., Carrasco, M., and Heeger, D. J. (2009) Concurrent human fMRI and pychophysical measusrements imply that focused attention improves contrast discrimination by decreasing internal noise. Annual Meeting of Japan Neuroscience Society Nagoya, Japan.
Pestilli, F., Carrasco, M., Heeger, D. J., and Gardner, J. L. (2010) A neural pooling rule for attentional selection in human visual cortex. Vision Science Society Naples, Florida.
Hara, Y., Cheng, K., and Gardner, J. L. (2010) Graded improvement in human contrast discrimination by limitng thenumber of irrelevant locations cued. Society for Neuroscience San Diego, CA.
Gardner, J. L., and Vintch, B. (2010) Decoding the representation of speed in human visual cortex. Society for Neuroscience San Diego, CA.
Vintch, B., and Gardner, J. L. (2011) Decoding the Bayesian perception of speed in human visual cortex. Cosyne Salt Lake City, UT. (slide session).
Hara, Y., and Gardner, J. L. (2012) Encoding of graded changes in validity of spatial priors in human visual cortex. Asia Pacific Conference on Vision Seoul, Korea.
Abrahamyan, A., and Gardner, J. L. (2013) Past failures bias human decisions. Cosyne Salt Lake City, UT.
Laquitaine, S., and Gardner, J. L. (2013) Humans exploit the uncertainty in priors to improve direction perception. Cosyne Salt Lake City, UT.
Invited talks
| April 21, 2003 | The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute Stimulating the cognitive: Serial linkage of target selection for orienting and tracking eye movements. Invited seminar. San Francisco, CA |
| September 12, 2003 | Osaka University Stimulating the cognitive: Serial linkage of target selection for orienting and tracking eye movements. Invited seminar. Osaka, Japan |
| November 28, 2003 | National Institute for Physiological Sciences Contrast adaptation and the BOLD signal in early human visual cortex. Symposium Talk. Okazaki, Japan |
| February 5, 2004 | Hokkaido University Horizontal shifts of contrast response curves after contrast adaptation in human visual cortex. Invited seminar. Sapporo Japan |
| January 4, 2005 | Columbia University Stimulating the cognitive: Serial linkage of target selection for orienting and tracking eye movements. Invited seminar. New York, NY |
| October 6, 2005 | The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute Contrast adaptation and representation in human early visual cortex. Invited seminar. San Francisco, CA |
| March 9, 2006 | Cosyne 2006 Postconference Workshop High spatial resolution imaging to determine the dependence on spatial scale of classifier performance. Post Conference Workshop. The Canyons, Utah |
| March 28, 2006 | Yale University Magnetic Resonance Research Center Contrast adaptation and a functional baseline for BOLD activity in human early visual cortex. Invited Seminar. New Haven, CT |
| October 26, 2008 | Fall Vision Meeting Inferring population responses in human visual cortex with classification analysis. Invited talk. University of Rochester, Rochester, NY |
| May 24, 2010 | Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science Linking human visual perception to brain activity measured with fMRI. Invited talk. Incheon, Korea |
| September 27, 2010 | ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories Attentional enhancement of perceptual decision making through selection and pooling of early sensory responses in human visual cortex. Invited talk. Keihanna Science City, Kyoto |
| October 21, 2010 | Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University Attentional enhancement via selection and pooling of human visual cortical responses. Invited talk. Seoul, Korea |
| November 26, 2010 | Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University The role of selection and pooling of human visual cortical responses in attentional enhancement. Invited talk. Osaka, Japan |
| January 19, 2011 | Vision Society of Japan Meeting Quantitatively using measured human cortical responses to account for improved contrast discrimination performance with attention. Invited talk. Tokyo |
| March 8, 2011 | Kyoto University Representation of a prior for slow speeds in human visual cortex. Symposium talk. International Workshop on Visual Motion Perception and its Brain Mechanism, Kyoto, Japan |
| June 14, 2011 | Nottingham University Attentional enhancement through selection and pooling of visual cortical signals. Invited Talk. Nottingham, UK |
| June 15, 2011 | Newcastle University Attentional enhancement through selection and pooling of visual cortical signals. Invited Talk. Newcastle, UK |
| June 16, 2011 | Royal Holloway, University of London Attentional enhancement through selection and pooling of visual cortical signals. Invited Talk. Egham, Surrey, UK |
| December 2, 2011 | Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology 文部科学省 「効率的選択」で脳は注意を向け集中を高める. Press lecture. Tokyo, Japan |
| Feb 1, 2012 | Osaka University Statistical decision making in understanding human visual perceptual inferences. Invited Talk. International Symposium on the Dynamics of Biosystems and Large Scale Information Systems, Osaka, Japan |
| June 15, 2012 | Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University Biases in speed perception are encoded in human early visual cortex. Invited talk. Expanding Horizon of MRI in Neuroscience: SNU Brain Imaging Center Opening Symposium, Seoul, Korea |
| October 18, 2012 | Emory University Spatial priors enhance behavioral performance through efficient selection of visual cortical signals. Invited talk. Atlanta, GA |
| October 19, 2012 | Harvard University Human imaging of visual priors. Symposium talk. Cambridge, MA |
| December 10, 2012 | University of California, Berkeley Cortical mechanisms in humans which improve perception with prior information. Invited talk. Berkeley, CA |
| December 11, 2012 | UCSF Cortical mechanisms in humans which improve perception with prior information. Invited talk. San Francisco, CA |
| December 13, 2012 | Stanford University Cortical mechanisms in humans which improve perception with prior information. Invited talk. Stanford, CA |
| January 15, 2013 | Salk Institute Human cortical mechanisms which improve perception with prior information. Invited talk. San Diego, CA |
| March 13, 2013 | Stanford University Efficient selection of visual information. Colloquium talk. Stanford, CA |
| May, 2013 | University of Tokyo Human cortical mechanisms which improve perception with prior information. Invited talk. Tokyo, Japan |
Conference Session Organizing
| March 4, 2008 | What can functional imaging tell us about population coding in sensory systems?: Bridging computation, single neurons and imaging, Organizers: Gardner, J. L., Huk, A. and Schluppeck, D. Cosyne Workshops, Snowbird, Utah |
| March 3, 2009 | Common computational principals of attention and decision making: can they account for unexpected observations in parietal cortex?, Organizers: Churchland, A. K., Ditterich, J. and Gardner, J. L. Cosyne Workshops, Snowbird, Utah |
| March 5, 2013 | Priors in perception, decision-making and physiology, Organizers: Gardner, J. L. and Nienborg, H. Cosyne Workshops, Snowbird, Utah |
Service to Professional Organizations
| Ad hoc Manuscript Review: | Vision Research, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Neuron, Neuroimage, Nature Neuroscience, Nature, Journal of Vision, Journal of Neuroscience, Journal of Neurophysiology |
| Ad hoc Grant Review: | Human Frontiers Research Grants |
Specialized Training
| 1997 | NSF Summer Institute in Japan Fellow, Lab of Manabu Tanifuji, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan |
| 1998 + 2000 | Student and Teaching Assistant, Computational Neuroscience: Vision, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY |
Industry
| 1993 - 1994 | Member of Technical Staff, Epson Research and Development ASD Group, San Jose, CA |
| 1994 - 1996 | Programmer, Smoking Car Productions, San Francisco, CA |
Document last updated: April 14, 2013